Monday, 12 March 2012

Task 3 TV Textual Analysis

   Television is a place for us to escape reality, we come home sit down and choose something we find interesting to watch. It might be a documentary in the Sahara or it might be “Misses Browns Boys”. Whatever it is television is catered to our own tastes. With lots of genres to pick from such as a comedy sit-com, soap, drama, sci-fi or entertainment reality TV we can find something to fit our moods.  


   Programs on the television vary a lot throughout the year changing with the seasons and world events, such as “The Pacific” which was a “mini-series” aired over the Easter. Soaps also follow the pattern of the world, whether we’re watching Eastenders in Albert Square with all the fake snow and decorations around Christmas time getting ready for a juicy murder plot like they always do or in Coronation street when they’re sitting in the pub counting down to new years.


  It’s easy to talk about the Genre “soap” and explain about how easy it is for say, Coronation Street and an audience to relate to it. Because it’s a TV show set around real working environments, (locations such as the cafe, pub, work place (for coronation street it’s “the factory” where they produce lingerie), street, church weddings and someone when the characters plot requires them to take a trip to either a sunny beach or a trip into the countryside) and based on real everyday people. Coronation Street is able to appeal to a large audience because the program contains characters from each level in the socio-economical ladder such as upper and middle class down to lower middle and working class and unemployment and students. These characters play roles throughout the multiple plots such as Doctors, top management, pub workers, mechanics and street merchants.  The main story characters also vary in age, jumping from an elderly person and they’re story and hitting about every age category within 10 years of each other, 10-20, 20- 30, 30 – 40, 40 – 50 and so on.  Having characters feature in a soap like Coronation Street for a long period of time, maybe an actor will stay in the series for 10 years on-going or leave and come back, but the audience grows up with the actor and relates better as if knowing that person.





   I want to talk about a very different television series shown on HBO and Sky Atlantic.  A Game of Thrones is a series brought to us by HBO who develop very different kinds of material from Coronation Street. They deal with series which contain very talented and famous movie stars who usually fit their roles perfectly. HBO are known for they're high adult content usage giving most of they're material an age rating of 15 and above. A Game of Thrones has been quite tame compared to other series like Rome or Deadwood.

 A television series is a set of programs shown over a lengthy period of time, usually for HBO as we only see HBO material through Sky or Sky Atlantic in the UK, a series is shown once a week recurring on the same day of the original appearance. They are mostly 45 to 55 minutes long except from the first and or last episodes where they may go over an hour. Usually at the beginning of a series a short 5 - 10 minute clip is shown, this establishes Genre, setting and usually introduces the main characters, this clip is shown in front of the title scene. These clips are recurring but after the initial first episode usually they are only used to recap the previous episodes, unless a Sit-com which uses these opening scenes to include humour and state that "this is a comedy" and mostly doesn't have anything to do with the main story line in that particular episode.

 A Game of thrones is a TV series created from the book, A Song of Ice and Fire by George R.R. Martin. It was shown worldwide and contained 10 episodes. EW.com states tht A Game of thrones drew in around "2.2 million viewers" for both premiere and the second episode, and they're "repeat drew another 732,000".

  It starred actors and actresses such as Sean Bean, Mark Addy and Lena Headly. An audience might be attracted to A Game of Thrones seeing Sean Bean cast in yet another Honourable role, Sean Bean is cast at his best when he's holding a sword. He's know for his long period drama Sharpe where he plays Major Richard Sharpe of the 95th Rifles set in the Napoleonic war. He has also been cast in fantasy medieval movie Black Death and eastern fantasy movie Troy. He ALSO played Boromir in Lord of the Rings, a huge three part fantasy medieval franchise about good vs evil. For A Game of Thrones audience members of aged 15 - 40 year old males may enjoy watching Sean Bean, he plays a high northern noble lord, Hes also portrayed as a father figure and women may also enjoy watching him, "Empires 20th sexiest man out of 50 2009" so hes also some eye candy thrown in there for the ladies.
 Lena Headly who plays the spiteful incestious hellwhore Cersei Lannister. She plays the Queen who constantly plots agaisnt the King played by Mark Addy. "When you play the game of thrones, you win or die. There is no middle ground" said by Queen Cersie to Sean Beans character Eddard Stark. Lena Headly

  Directed by Tim Van Patten who had directed other hit shows such as Boardwalk Empire, Rome,Deadwood and the Wire. Recently to return to the screen in April. All these people mentioned above can draw in they're own fan base and bring in a larger audience.

  The genre is “Medieval Fantasy Drama”, almost period. The story is very similar to medieval Europe. The main and  conventional fantasy storyline is Good vs Evil clearly shown in Lord of the Rings and a key story line in A Game of Thrones but is faded out as the series continues, as characters develop making it harder to tell who is on which side i think. The kinds of audience that would be attracted to this series and series like it would be people who i think would read fantasy novels or who grew up as a child reading such books, who enjoy RPG’s (role playing games) such as Skyrim, "named game of the year 2011 at the game developers choice awards".  Maybe people can relate to other games such as dungeons and dragons, a popular board game which has been built upon by a tv show, several movies and video games. Fantasy is very big at the moment we have a HUGE increase of films been brought out from a book, recently to come there is The Hobbit, The Hunger Games and John Carter. We're now in a post Lord of the Rings Era so if you saw Lord of the Rings your most likley to see and enjoy A Game of Thrones. It is a very political and dramatic story revolving around several noble families in the land of Westeros.

  A Game of Thrones can be seen to having similar traits as a soap, having a multi-strand narrative where we follow several noble houses and characters from each, we also witness the stories of the different age groups. The Starks are the main focus of the westeros story plot, we follow every member of the house from Bran who is 9 we follow his curiousity and see him recover from a near death fall, through the rest of the Stark children Jon Snow who is the ligitimate bastard of Eddard Stark who travles to "The Wall" and becomes a man of the Nights watch, and the main story line of Eddard Stark the father, parent figure who travles to kings landing to investigate a plot against the King. Following all these stories much like in a soap there is a story for everyone, most likely there is a story you are more interested and can relate more to, Jon Snow is seen as a loner and an outcast by many but also a friend by others.

  Conventional locations of a fantasy medieval drama are usually set around a court or throne room, here the court can be found at Kings Landing in front of the Iron Throne. Usually a court is held to discuss the future or the beginning of a quest, i can think of a place in Lord of the Rings where members of each race of middle earth meet in Rivendell to discuss the future of the one ring that they have in they're possession. Sometimes a Pub or a Brothel, boarders, the Kingdom of Wersteros is bordered against the Narrow Sea where the story world changes to a Mediterranean land. Locations shot while filming this series where shot over northern Ireland, Croatia and Iceland to provide the stunning scenery needed to be filmed for this traditional high-fantasy film. Keeping to a parallel fantasy universe  the castles such as Winterfell looks almost medieval north European but with oddities such as the weirdly shaped towers. Other reminders to prove they are in a fantasy universe are the places such as the “godswood” in Winterfell where Eddard Stark (Sean Bean) Lord and Warden of the north still worships the “old Gods”. The further north we go the more inhospitable the land is until we reach “The Wall” which is a colossal fortification which stretches 300 miles along and 700 foot high. Guarded by the men of the Nights Watch who’s numbers dwindle while protecting the south from the white walkers.


 Even the music in the opening titles its telling the audience that this is going to be an epic fantasy series and you should watch this!



Wednesday, 7 March 2012

Task 2: Know about the key issues and debates that affect the television and video industry

 The television industry is vast and varied, it caters to everyone’s needs with its diversity of choices to pick from. but is the television industry just chopped up into select bite size pieces for us to easily ingest when we want it. Can we trust what we see on our screens hasn’t been edited too far and lost all original meaning.

Technology

  Technology is moving along at an increasing rate, some would see this as a positive movement. Almost now everybody has a digital box in their home which is used  to view programs broadcasted by varies different stations. Some of these boxes such as the sky plus box can be used to select and record viewing material for later viewing giving the owner a freer roam to pick and choose what they wish to view whether it’s a new up-coming sit-com or if they want to save a scary horror for another night, giving them the ability to select their own schedule and not feel as if the television station is dictating what they have to watch. Already we are able to access multiple forms of media from our mobile phones and other such devices, being able to text, email, browse the internet, shopping, social networking such as twitter and facebook and even watch television and films, listen music, to audio books, read books... many more. Many sites offer a downloadable "app"lication which makes it easier to shop and access their site from your own mobile device. This is called convergence.

  Some see this as having a negative effect, we're losing our ability to converse properly and dropping vocabulary. We're spending too much time on our mobile devices to play games, text, listen to music and mess around on facebook.














 The video above appears to be an advert for Sony products at first unless you already know it’s the new resident evil trailer. I think it can be used as a strong metaphor describing how we’re all turning into zombies submersing ourselves in our mobile devices where ever we are. I’m linking this in with Vertical and Horizontal integration.

Vertical integration
Horizontal integration
Studio: Sony pictures

Distributor: Screen Gems


















                                                            


Ownership and Institutions



 Media institutions are what is responsible for what we watch on TV. Described by O'Sullivan, Fiske, Hartley & Saunders 1983, "Institutions are those enduring regulatory and organising structures of an society, which constrain and control individuals and individuality... the term more precisely refers to the underlying principles and values according to which many social and cultural practises are organised and co-ordinated."

"In Media Studies, we are most concerned with the institutions responsible for producing media texts. They can be represented by the following diagram."







 Institutions influenced by money, ownership and political gain are easily susceptible to corruption. These are huge powers in the media we listen to and watch on a daily basis telling us what to do and whats going on in the world. Ownership can be undetectable and scary. Newscorp owns newspapers, news channles, film studios, thats four newspapers in the United Kingdom, The Sun, The Sunday Times, The Times and News International all telling us the same thing from the same angle. 120 channels around the world including Bskyb, Sky news etc. Mostly known for owning Fox news and all associated channels.

  My opinion of Fox news is that it is completely corrupt, the intro is like watching the intro of CSI or some related program, it feels more like entertainment rather than the news which both are categories that hold they're own and shouldn't be crossed. The anchors and editors feel as if they have too much power and feel like they can do anything. Several examples of this would be when they constantly cut a guest speaks mic off and shut them down when things aren't going they're way, they bring in speakers employed by them to speak and back which  article they are supporting. Bill O'Reilly has his on catch-phrase... "shut up". "Selected Stories to deliberately upset Liberals and Democrats and prop up the Republicans, hostility towards guests that disagree with the host and a host that in service of his conservative politics will distort facts will misrepresent things and in some cases fabricate", Peter Hart, Media Analyst for FAIR, Outfoxed. Talking about Rielly. When Reilly has Jeremy Glick on his show and abuses him and cuts him off, and then still running with the same story Fox has taken the video and edited to show what they want people to see to gain more support. My point is it's scary to think that if they can get away with this which is indisputably true no matter how bias "outfoxed" was they're still aired right now which is owned by newscorp. (Rupert Murdoch) and also own these newspaper and sky news and much more, i don't trust sky news anymore.

 The BBC is also a major media institution but the BBC is a psb - public service provider which means the BBC has guidelines, regulations to follow and is a service for the public without any political and remain unbias. The BBC follows the Royal Charter making sure the BBC is for the people. The BBC is Required to provide a range of material for different social groups instead of targeting a particular audience such as a political party with a particular agenda. As a psb the BBC must provide also a range of educational programs, and programs suitable for all ages. This is made possible because of the TV license, everyone who owns a television set, computer screen or Internet access must pay for one. Doing this means the BBC remains unbias and a public service which we all can enjoy and have access to.
Fox doesn't have this luxury which it finds unfair and must attract subscriptions which is why it targets a particular audience along with its other agendas.



Monday, 30 January 2012

Television Structure

 The structure of a television studio is set out with a Board of Directors at the top and branches out into other sub-boards of management who manage the dad to day working in each of their assigned areas. The sub-boards are answerable to the Executive Board who is at the top, who is responsible of the overall management of the services it provides and overall outward flow.

 This is a structured lay out of the BBC  (British Broadcasting Corp)

grid.jpg

 The BBC is guided by the

Royal Charter : The BBC is established under a Royal Charter. The current Charter came into force in 2007 and runs until the end of 2016. It explicitly recognises the BBC's editorial independence and sets out its public purposes.

BBC Trust : Under the Charter, the BBC is governed by the BBC Trust, which sets the strategic direction of the BBC and has a clear duty to represent the interests of licence fee payers. The Trust sets purpose remits, issues service licences and holds the Executive Board to account for its performance in delivering BBC services.
The Trust works closely with national Audience Councils in order to understand the needs and concerns of audiences.

Executive Board : Operational responsibility rests with the Executive Board. It is responsible for delivering the BBC's services and running the organisation in accordance with the overall strategy set by the Trust.
For more details and an explanation of purpose remits and service licences, see the most recent Annual Report.

Media Regulators : Government responsibility for broadcasting and creative industries in the UK lies with the Department for Culture, Media and Sport (DCMS).
Ofcom is the independent regulator and competition authority for the UK communications industries, with responsibilities across television, radio, telecommunications and wireless communications services.

It's Services

The BBC provide us with News coverage, Radio, Online Services such as iplayer, educational sites and children's entertainment.

 The BBC owns a range of different channels and covering TV programs, Radio and News. The BBC provides a public service. It's aim is to educate (Frozen planet), inform and entertain, the BBC does this by providing television channels that host a number of a variety of different programs on both radio and on the Television. It has programs ranging from dramas, soaps, sit-coms, comedy's, regular films repeats, sports, news,religious and educational programs such as Planet Earth for older viewers and children's entertainment and educational programs on CBBC or CBeebies depending on how old you are, they also have a Parliament channel showing UK politics and debates. They also provide a number of services for deaf and blind viewers and listeners.
 
Audience Council members come together who voice the the different opinions of the public to make sure the BBC are catering to the needs of the it's viewers. To also help with giving everyone what they want and holding up to the different guidelines and Royal Charter the BBC also uses sites such as BARB (Broadcasters Audience Research Board) who collect audience figures of who is under their subscription and reveal the numbers to television studios so they have a better understanding of what is doing well and what people are avoiding and picking out trends that the public are seeking out since the BBC's audience is very large from under 6 to over 80's

The BBC News has been reporting since the 20's and is an impartial and independent 24 hour news service. It provides World and UK and local news to millions of people. It covers a wide range from sports, politics, business, educational, technology and entertainment. It follows ground breaking news as it unfolds. Sustaining a high quality of news coverage is one of the agendas on the Royal Charter.

 iplayer is a service provided by the BBC so you can catch up on the latest TV and Radio, the website provides everything that has been shown in the last seven days, they are developing the website so viewers can get online using varies different mobile devices such as iphone or the tablet so viewers can catch up on the go.

 The BBC also provide educational support in the form of a website BBC bitesize which provides children to teenagers support to help revise and study, it also supports GCSE's where you can interact with learning games, videos and tests. The BBC has also been providing schools with educational videos for years and programs useful for school.

Income Generation



licence-fee-logo


 The BBC requests an annual TV license fee from households who use its services. Everyone in the UK is required to pay for these services. The fee currently stands frozen at £145.50 if you own a coloured television or £49 if you have a black and white television and wont go up any further untill the Royal Charter is complete in 2016. The license covers the BBC's television channels (£7.96), Radio (£2.11), Online (£0.66) and additional costs (£1.40) on new technology and the "Digital"where everyone is required to own a digital box. The License includes TV on computer, mobiles and other devices used to watch or listen to programs that the BBC can broadcast to or be recorded by or onto such as DVD/Video players.

Here is a clear brake down of the license.
http://www.bbc.co.uk/aboutthebbc/insidethebbc/whoweare/licencefee/#section-5


 The BBC also have a huge sales and distribution division where they are responsible for selling worldwide thousands of hours of programming across all digital platforms such as "Torchwood, Doctor Who, Vicar of Dibley" and much more. In 2010 they sold over 60,000 hours of programming to the international market.

http://www.bbcworldwide.com/about-us.aspx

 They also run an Academy which provide courses for production, journalism and more. They offer face-to-face courses and online learning for people and businesses outside the BBC.

http://www.bbcacademy.com/academy/index.php

 Other broadcasters such sky have to generate income from subscriptions. Instead of having a steady flow of income like the BBC who takes in a monthly payment from TV owners in the UK. Sky Takes monthly subscriptions from those paying for its services. Sky mainly focuses on entertainment but is so successful on account of all the television channels it provides. To appeal and draw in subscriptions Sky offers deals such as at the moment Sky is offering a 6 month at £10 to bring you in and then £20 there after with a free sky box and £50 of M&S vouchers. Marks and Spencers is a high quality supermarket which sell food and clothes.  You can get the initial package or  they also offer packages or a do it yourself where you can choose from the different categories such as getting "movies, "documentaries" also adding a HD version of most channels. They let you add more packages hoping that you give them more money picking they're services.
 ITV generates income through selling off advertising rights during the breaks between programs thats why on ITV iplayer when watching on demand adverts are still shown at regular intervals.
 "NBC is charging an average of $3.5 million for each 30 second spot. That's a far cry from the $42,000 charged for spots during the first Super Bowl in 1967." A statement from Newsday. The Superbowl averages 100 million views which makes its worthwhile for company to buy advertising slots especially because they can target so many of they're desired consumers are viewing for example if MC Donald's or such type food ads or clever beer ads are shown its most likely your audience are those watching the Superbowl. 

Regulations
 The BBC is expected to self-censor the programs it broadcasts. It is also part regulated by Ofcom (Office of Communications). Ofcom is the main regulator for the UK communication industries. it has the power to impose sanctions to pull programs off the air if it deems necessary. Ofcom sets the standards at which the audiences can expect from broadcasters, this includes appropriate scheduling of programs to avoid children viewing, potential harmful or offencive material and make sure the broadcasters are "politically correct" in how they treat individuals or organisations.
 Ofcom's broadcasting code includes a clause - Rule 8.1 - which states that: "Any infringement of privacy in programmes, or in connection with obtaining material included in programmes, must be warranted." Ofcom has had to lauch investigations into sky email hacking and into News corp  phone hacking scandal.
 Ofcom also had to intervene into and OFMDFM advert which broke the law as the hosts said something in such away which was to sway political influence in the public's opinion. Ofcom held the broadcasters responsible and had OFMDFM apologies for its abuse.

 The Broadcasting act makes important changes to the law and rules relating to the conection of media ownership. The act also helps protect important sporting events and so on to make sure they are only being viewed by supscription viewers
 The BBC also will want to self-regulate to protect themselves. Since the viewing audience includes a variety of different ages, cultures and religions, so warnings are transmitted to help those people judge for themselves if they may find a program distressing for example if a documentary is about to enter an abattoir a disclaimer will appear telling audiences to stop watching if they do not wish to see slaughtered animals. The Watershed policy help to prevent children from viewing unsuitable material, the Watershed policy kicks in at 9pm so after 9pm the BBC can assume children under age and not suitable to watch such material are no longer watching. This only works in junction with parents.
 They also monitor material such as Dr Who for example and exempt it from swearing and unsuitable material freeing it for children to watch, which creates a larger audience for the material.
 The BBC are also obligated to show political viewings such as elections as impatial.